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Learn About Cambridge, Maryland
Cambridge is a city located in the southern part of Dorchester County. Located to the east is the community of East New Market. Cambridge shares a border to the west with the community of Church Creek and the community of Woolford. Located to the south is the Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge. Cambridge shares a border to the north across the Choptank River with the community of Trapp located in Talbot County.
Cambridge is the County Seat and the county’s largest municipality. According to the United States Census Bureau, Cambridge has a total area of 12.64 square miles. Of that area, 10.34 square miles is land and 2.30 square miles is water.
Settled by English colonists in 1684, Cambridge is one of the oldest colonial cities in the State of Maryland. When the English colonized the Eastern Shore of Maryland, the Algonquian-speaking Choptank Indians lived along the river. During the colonial years, the English developed farming in and around Cambridge. The largest plantations were devoted first to tobacco, and then to mixed farming. The plantation owners bought slaves to work on the farms. Cambridge was a trading center for the area. The town pier was the center for slave trading in the region.
The city of Cambridge was incorporated in 1793. It occupies part of the former Choptank Indian Reservation. Cambridge was named after the city and county of Cambridge, England. The town became a stop on the Underground Railroad. It had an extensive network of safe houses for slaves escaping to the north.
Food processing industries were developed in Cambridge during the late 19th century. Those included canning oysters, tomatoes and sweet potatoes. Industrial growth in Cambridge was led by the Phillips Packing Company. It eventually grew to become the area’s largest employer. The company won Department of Defense contracts during World War I and World War II. At its peak, it employed as many as 10,000 workers. Changing tastes. though, brought about a decline in business. That led Phillips to downsize its operations. By the early 1960’s the company closed. This led to widescale unemployment and added to growing social problems in Cambridge.
In 2002, the economy in Cambridge was boosted by jobs and tourism. This was due to the opening of the 400-room Hyatt Regency Chesapeake Bay resort. The resort includes a golf course, spa, and marina. It was the site of the 2007 U.S. House Republican Conference. President George W. Bush addressed the Conference. President Barack Obama also visited the resort.
Cambridge was designated a Maryland Main Street community on July 1, 2003. Cambridge Main Street is a comprehensive downtown revitalization process. It was created by the Maryland Department of Housing and Community Development. It plans to strengthen the economic potential of select cities around the state. The initiative led to enhancements of heritage tourism attractions in Cambridge. Together with other cities on the Eastern Shore or Maryland, Cambridge is attracting more tourists. It has revitalized its downtown business district, part of which was designated a historical district in 1990.